The deepest of Cappadocia's excavated underground cities plunges some eight levels and around sixty metres into the earth, and it is a genuinely staggering feat of ancient engineering. Begun in the soft volcanic tuff and expanded over centuries, it could shelter thousands of people along with their livestock during raids, sealed from within by great rolling stone doors. Descending the narrow, sloping tunnels, you pass stables, wells, wine and oil presses, communal kitchens blackened by old fires, a cruciform church far below, and a clever ventilation system of shafts that still keeps the air fresh at the lowest accessible levels. It is dimly lit, cool year-round and, in places, genuinely tight and low, so it is not for the seriously claustrophobic. A guide brings the history alive and keeps you from getting lost. Bring a light layer even in summer, wear flat shoes with grip, and let older or nervous visitors set the pace.
Plan your trip with Seen